Socio-economic traits and constraints associated with smallholder farmers in Taungya agroforestry program in Sudan
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Empirical evidence of Taungya agroforestry program in Sudan was generated. The objectives were to examine the association between socio-economic characteristics farmers and Tuangya practice, assess program’s contribution farmers' income, highlight farmers’ major incentives constraints. purposive sampling technique applied targeting 200 farmers. Data collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, direct field observations, document reviews. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, a paired sample t-test used analyze data. Study results showed that 77% male, with an average age 41 years. About cultivate land area 3.5 hectares. result such as marital status, age, family size, year participation, educational level had significant while gender, main occupation, size no association. study revealed contributed significantly income. Evidence sharp reduction mean annual costs from SDG 32,851.75 25,107.50, substantial increase net incomes 35,298.52 91,839.50 before after respectively. Farmers’ participation encouraged by high productivity within forest access free fertile land. Contrary, lack extension services supervision Forest National Corporation, overgrazing crop destruction, limitation, species restrictions identified challenges. suggests prioritizing services, providing live fencing, reconsidering interest having intercropping sorghum on their farms improve sustenance will overcome constraints further boost productivity.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agroforestry Systems
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0167-4366', '1572-9680']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00855-x